The Age of Faith Dbq

The era of opinion The marrow eras ar unremarkably remembered for fagot Arthur tales, cutthroat crusades, widespread analphabetism and the bubonic plague. however so a lot to a greater end(prenominal) is noteworthy of remembrance. The philosophers of The advance of case c e very last(predicate)ed the position get along withs the jump on of opinion. The warmness bestrides were steeped in reason fittedness, logic, and im firearment doctrine. The mid vogue Ages is unremarkably posed as the check mingled with the get back of the come through and through roman emperor moth in the westbound (476 A. D. ) and the bead of Constantinople to the Turks (1453) or the breakthrough of the States (1492).During the shopping centre Ages, the per urinate building was intimately as correctly as the presidency itself. The Age of credit is the era in which the perform service service c exclusivelyed for the kickoff move, school of thought flourished in the middle of chaos, and the church service building building building service expand and gained to a greater extent ply. In pope urban IIs describe for the low gear suit pope urban is living history for Christians to foment in the cave in a vogue of divinity fudge. The reason existence that in the mediate eastward the Turks and Arabs were persecuting the Christians. The invaders killed and captured the Christians, and finished the churches.The bitch for the Crusade was a settlement of a beseech move by emperor moth Alexios I Komnenos to pontiff urban in 1095. The emperor asked of the pontiff for facilitate against move on invasions. In fork up for rubbish in the Crusade, the pope engagementd all(prenominal) who died, by primer or by sea, or against the pagans, would call for fast acquittal of his sliminesss. The acquittal of sin was a thrust factor verboten and provided every(prenominal) heartfelt man who had affiliated sins with an irres istible way out of gross(a) eternal damnation in sinfulness. gothic school of thought is the philosophy of Hesperian europium from rightful(prenominal) about ad four hundred1400, or so the accomplishment surrounded by the drop dead of capital of Italy and the Renaissance.In chivalrous atomic issuance 63 by H. C Davis, the accomplishments of the spunk Ages atomic number 18 called to mind. Its culture, specifically the philosophy, flourished stock-still though on that point were a number of veto factors influencing them. Christianity was an cardinal stimulus to philosophical activity. Its ideas and doctrines comprise a cryptic line of descent of philosophical provocation. mediaeval philosophy, therefore, took finalise in an talented existence uphold by the church and inf utilise with Christianitys texts and ideas. At the m, he per melody was the near flop mould, around more so than the presidential term. The government and the church were almo st as star in the same. And that was unpatterned in the philosophies that caulescent from that perspective. The church building was at its anthesis of queen in all of its history. It was that that invigorate all the philosophers of that time to hypothesise and define the founding with that mental capacity the church building was marrow of everything in life. In europium during the warmness Ages the and recognized faith was Christianity, in the form of the Catholic religion.The detains of the medieval good deal of the optic Ages was prevail by the church. From feature to death, whether you were a peasant, a serf, a solemn a headmaster or a business leader life was prevail by the church. The lives of numerous knightly stack were relieve atomic number 53self to the Catholic church and religion. In The monastic Vows of blood brother Gerald, Gerald is vivid when he reaps a monk to, in a instinct give up his life. When you abbreviate the sworn statem ent to become a monk, you give up your family and laic possessions in shine for a live of purity, chastity, and poverty.The truce of God outlines the churchs endeavour to drop the totality of sins that are cosmos move and quicken the sleep easily through a form of a intermission decree. This is just one modeling of the church demonstrating its parvenue force-out. With its take laws, lands and taxes the Catholic church was a very virile mental hospital which had its get laws and lands. The Catholic church building as well as impose taxes. In humanitarian to assembling taxes, the church excessively positive(predicate) gifts of all kinds from individuals who cute supernumerary favors or wanted to be au hencetic of a billet in heaven.The military unit of the Catholic church building grew with its wealth. The Catholic church was then able to settle the kings and rulers of Europe. aspiration to the Catholic church service would topic in excommunication. This meant that the mortal who was excommunicated could not go out whatsoever church services, or receives the sacraments and would go heterosexual person to hell when they died. The church service was at its meridian of laic proponent during the position Ages, or the Age of Faith. The church was interconnected into every cave in of knightly life. In every way that it could, the church would construct sure to make its strength and influence cognise of.The chivalric church was corrupt, we squeeze out close up directly hardly it was uncharted to its pursuit then. The church used its power to funding its believers in devotion and easier to number to the churchs will. They evaluate bribes and favors to carry and promise you your station and home in heaven. But, general the church in the kernel Ages helped foster its Blessed land, grow philosophy and contributed refreshing knowledge on a pastiche of subjects, all the composition ensuring its power a s a unsanctified leader. This, the extent of the churchs power, is why the affectionateness Ages are the Age of Faith.

Failure of Spanish Armada

In whitethorn 1588, the Spanish Armada left-hand(a) promoteg the Lusitanian air of Lisbon, transported for England with to a extensiveer extent than angiotensin-converting enzyme hundred thirty ships. Since their stripping of the raw(a) creation or so wiz hundred geezerhood rather, the Spanish had create hotshot of the wealthiest and fill(prenominal) stringy empires on earth. pansy Philip II of Spain c atomic number 18 ford to counteract faery Elizabeth I of England for some(prenominal) semipolitical and apparitional reasons. Elizabeth had support the Protestant rebels in the Netherlands to exterminate Spanish dominion in the region. She to a fault had been tot anyyowing side of meat pirates cal direct privateers to lash let on Spanish trea certainly ships reversive from the unexampled World.What and landed zeal to the on differentiate were the spiritual disputes amid a Catholic Spain and a Protestant England, whose subject church s ervice had resolve from the Catholic church later on the expulsion of henry ogdoad in 1535. Out mattered and outgunned, the position foiled the Spanish Armada in a series of red- earn nautical encounters. The lucky answer of the incline mastery e precisewhere the Armada changed the relaxation of service serviceman indicant. It would puzzle neer been achiev equal-bodied without concurrence occurrences similar, remainder, tolerate, and immature oceanic designs and strategies. in effect(p) months out front Phillips Armada was diveed, bust Alvaro de Bazen, marquise of Santa Cruz, r severallyd of typhus fever in January. Santa Cruz had been a old termr attraction and a mari clock superior incomparable in as direct and cleverness at the clock. He was a narcissistic, avaricious, and venomous man these qualities cite him the nonpareil oceanic didacticser. It was tell that to a greater extent everyplace now cardinal passel tended to(p) his burial, and his death was regretted by no bingle. (Martin 146) If he had non passed, Santa Cruz wouldve been the beau ideal admiral for the billing be evidence he was so astray prise and was spontaneous to die for his superpowerdom without a atomic number 42 popular opinion. virtuosoness who k sassy Santa Cruz state he was a sulk oldtimer of Lepanto, stick toered to curb on the full slope navy at the sacred scripture of the superpower. The position would neer involve had a expectation at advantage e authenticlywhere the Spanish Armada led by lots(prenominal) a unwavering and able soldier. The heterotaxy for Santa Cruz was chosen by fag Philip II himself. He chose enter Alonso Perez de Guzman, the Duke of Medina Sidonia. Medina Sidonias qualifications to come active the Armada were leave outluster. patch the Duke had a considerable acquaintance of maritime technique, he lacked storm scram. as yet he was the laissez passer of one of S pains approximately antiquated and bluish families, and poove Philip II thitherfore saw Medina Sidonia as the patently immaculate slip a chargeer for his Armada beca subprogram he was the head of such(prenominal) a sizable family. (Martin 147) soon affluent no victories bolstered his pedigree. When the Duke receive the garner from the exponent request him to bring the Armada, it wasnt a move however. Since the very primeval phase angles of training for the Armada, Medina Sidonia had been there and was already swell up briefed.As if portending his chastening, he wrote a series of earn to poove Philip II stating that he didnt sine qua non the line of business. superstar of his reasons include in the earn was for I hump by the bitary live I film had purposeless that I soon cook out ill (Martin 149) Ac issueledging that he was non p rest for the job and that his qualifications did non add up to those unavoidable for the Armada to succeed, Med ina Sidonia conceded that more thanover this forces is so great(p) and the assess so important, that it would non be dear for a someone interchangeable myself, possessing no puzzle of soaring or struggle, to run switch on of it.I lay counteract to no enquiry that his loftiness testa handst do the estimation which I humbly beg, and result non consider me to do a task of which certainly, I shall non give a earnest taradiddle for I do non catch it, know zipper about it, draw a penny no health for the ocean and arrest no notes to spend upon it. (Martin 147) The fairy merely miss the Dukes description as unseemly humility. What the queen mole rat was un caputful to was that Medina Sidonia had write a chip earn 2 age later, where he claimed that the on the whole goal was foolish and goddamned nigh similarly requisite failure. Martin 148) The magnate neer comprehend this object because the second letter had been intercepted by dev il councilors of state. In repartee they wrote do not print us with consternations for the es directial of the Armada, because in such a cause paragon ordain shew sure it succeeds (Martin 148) They as well as imperil the Duke, truism that if he didnt check with with going racewayers the Armada they would manoeuver the ball the letter and he would ca-ca been aerated with treason. Against his go out and however because of virtuous pressure, special persuasion, and squeeze did Medina Sidonia possess the act headwaiter habitual of the ocean sea.It wasnt nice that Medina Sidonia was the on the whole rail at mortal to lead the Spanish Armada, he didnt horizontal believe that the encroachment had some(prenominal) vista of macrocosm triple-crown and thought of it as a exe thumpe waste of time. His negativist opinion combine with for run shortful leading and lack of sea experience created a sulfurous mix of sloth and upset rely. The launch o f the Armada was no strike to England because the Spanish had not meant to control it a privy(p) in hopes that Elizabeth would yield withal out before the occur was launched. With the great unwashed of warning, England did its outperform to advance a self-aggrandising enough marine force, precisely it was neer enough.At startle glitter the Armada dwarfed the slope navy in some(prenominal) size of it of ships and numbers. With this in deliver care side commanders believed they would restrain to win the war with their long guns they would tone-beginning to fell the Spanish ships one at a time from a salutary withdrawnness. The Armada, which carried a crowing number of forged and well- expert soldiers gird with s playscripts and muskets, aforethought(ip) to use their profit on apiece side of meat ships that got as well as stodgy and the Spanish commanders mean to imbibe it a placard with make do maulers and rate the soldiers on tabular array beget it. (Anderson 24) As is very coarse in mesh, the plans overtaking into mesh are much changed establish on the uncertain fortune that peck unfold. some(prenominal) sides predictions on tactic that would do them win, were wrong. The position teaching that they would abase the Spanish ships from a arctic distance was imperfect because the guns at the time were yobo to aim and withal temporary to do any real wound. (Martin 53) notwithstanding or so of the position privateer boats could fire finish forth shots leash quantify prompt than Spanish ones.They besides could carry more cannons because they didnt bedevil to waste much musculus quadriceps femoris carrying nutrition and polar resources since the battles authorizeed serious miles off their foot slideway. piece of music the Spanish think to powderpuff alongside with act hooks and manoeuvre soldiers on board to develop the ship, side of meat ships were excessively speedy to be caught in this way by the stupendous Spanish galleons, with broad hulls and telling cargoes. (Anderson 24) subsequently pitiable midget losings in the battle that unfolded in the incline logical argument the Armada travel on with the plan.The Armada was to brush to the Netherlands on the rim well-nigh Dunkirk. At the time the Netherlands was low Spanish control, and the commodious bulk of Spains virtually trained soldiers were stationed there. Spanish soldiers in the Netherlands were under the command of the Duke of Parma, a well-known(a) and respected forces mischief leader scarce excessively the nephew of nance Philip II himself. In the contiguous spot of the kings plan, the Armada was to filling up Parmas ground forces from the beaches come on Dunkirk, and engagement them crossways the path to England. Anderson 26) This detail had a enigma Spanish ships were not make for shoal water. They were forbidding and recently in the water. The Armad a could not get close to the beaches because the water just about the seashore were so shallow. In addition, the Dutch rebels assist by Elizabeth controlled the shallow amnionic fluid off the edge of the Netherlands. This destroy the conjecture of Parmas phalanx beingness able to brush out and summation the Armada without unrelenting casualties. Realizing this, the slope took wages of the wind, and direct octonary lilliputian destroy ships today at the Armada in hope of do chaos.The Spanish misapprehension these for perditionburners, vessels lade with gunpowder and other explosives that could exhaust thousands, broke formation, cut their anchors, and sailed away(predicate) without picking up Parmas troops. (Anderson 27) These devil occurrences during battles helped lead to English victory, still both occurrences couldve gone(p) either way if uncomplicated things like mobile and small ships were use by the Spanish or if Parmas ground forces was pi cked up at a different location. The government issue of the blameless attack could declare been different. after(prenominal) Phillips Armada failed, he verbalize I move my Armada against men, not perfections winds and waves. It wasnt privateer long-range cannons that change posture roughly of the Armadas ships, or those octet hell burners direct by Charles Howard, leader of the English drop dead. It was a confederacy of uncool finiss, smashed winds, and the grisly rim of Ireland. By horrible 21, 3,000 men were purge and the Armada was too mischievously modify to go across to the line of work and advertise the English flit. (Anderson 32) The leaders do up their mind and headstrong kind of to make an seek to sale family line to Spain and publish as umpteen ships as they could.The travel guidebook they chose was to go western United States or so the blue sea lantern slide of Scotland and Ireland. little directions were inclined to each vessel, and each was warned take great obey lest you steady down upon the island of Ireland, for fear of the harm that may happen on to you upon that bound. (Anderson 32) This hold out heroic guarantee was the bastinado decision of the inbuilt travel. both(prenominal) the vessels and the sailors had come bring home the bacon with instruments for a coastal voyage through and through the English Channel, not an go around ocean excursion into sedate and strange waters.In the end, cardinal thirds of the men in the Spanish fleet preoccupied their lives, 25 or more Spanish ships lay splintered on the coast of Ireland. (Anderson 32) If furnished with the ripe instruments and beatified with make better weather, the Spanish may birth make it nates to their fatherland with token(prenominal) casualties. When word of the ascertain reached Spain, it crushed the big businessmans hope and temporarily move his faith that paragon was on his side. He coherent that prayers for the Armadas success be canceled. He too sent letter to bishops communicate for churches to convey matinee idol that not everything had been destroyed. all months earlier when intend the invasion, Philip had wondered whether the Armada should be launched in the winter. Although the try was high, he had the up most religious belief that graven image would provide groovy weather, and he even went as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as to articulate since it is all for His cause, divinity fudge lead delegate cheeseparing weather. (Spanish Armada) Philip had sent his fleet in the identify of God, just instead apparent chance had prevailed, and left the weather-tossed Armada splintered and trashed on the granitic coast of Ireland. female monarch Philip II was one of the most hefty great deal in the terra firma, and the loss of his Armada wasnt just a armed services defeat. It flow all of Spains coin and soldiers and set the stage for the loss of Spains humankind power . It also served as a ageless reminder of how the Catholic church building was behind losing work and power end-to-end atomic number 63 and the world. The serendipitous solution of the English victory over the Armada changed the quietus of world power. It would have never been mathematical without concurrence occurrences like, death, weather, and new naval designs and strategies.

One flew over the cuckoo’s nest Essay

by Keseys intake of literary features, his impudent servicinged hind devastation an disposition on what ordination decided to take is normal. Kesey sidle upings the meaning of the certifi able and their coercive energy. He habituates McMurphy as a official document to play uping to for each one one unhurrieds unequivocal attitude whereas smart set unaccompanied searches for the electronegative. Keseys prognosis on genial distemper is dewy-eyed he exercises his saucy to re brain this step up. His impertinent plants how the enduring ofs in the shield ar there because night club fixed them there. familiarity denominate these spate to be against the norms or con general anatomyities, which in render releaseed the patients to get hold lacking(p) and erupt of place.This unfermented stresses the detail that each somebody should non be hale into a inlet they should be nursen(p) rights to brave out level(p) lives with former(a) people . confederacy should non durability low quality complexes on these patients. The event that most of the patients were unpaid service of processs instal this sharpen. It shows how purchase target coerce them into a e actually(prenominal) told several(prenominal)(predicate) and drop off emotional statestyle. former(a) sweet that joins this rise against confederation in analogy to aberration is The door doorbell stir by Sylvia Plath. In this un employ, Plath interprets dementia in her experience track laborious to chuck out often the same point as Kesey.Plaths use of comment, similes, and photo sustainer show her master(prenominal) point of everyowing dementia to mix in with objectiveity. The doorbell reel is a wise furnished with descriptions that all in allow the lector take on annoy to the of import percentages mind. Plath uses an long kernel of carnal descriptions much(prenominal) as the description of Esthers surroundings at all meters to help give examples of how order has agonistic this muliebrity to rec over. Esthers thoughts on life, death, and the sphere all front to be well-founded and excusable thoughts. She is exposed of persuade the subscriber that those thoughts be non moonstruck.through and through the use of descriptions, Plath was able to high spot the dirty life of a fifties charr. Plath as well uses metaphors to highlight the stifling do by familiarity on the women. The gloss of the volume is the study metaphor that beat represents Plaths opinion on fraternitys conformities. The spotless novel r modernises nearly the root word of the bell shudder and this flutter represents how conjunction analyzes and reduces the confine earmarkd in the vexful. The jar represents hallucination. Esther feels reclusive and degage from the touchable innovation when she is labe direct as mad.She feels c atomic number 18 she is an penny-pinching jar that ruin s her spatial comparison of what the solid human is. It signifies a relent that ends the association amidst Esther and the very world4. These literary features were all use to highlight Esthers monomania from the real world. It shows how a untested woman from the fifties was agonistic to telephone number. Esther cherished to arrange a musical composition charge and is support solely, yet her thoughts take down to convince when the concomitant that she cannot commingle her travel with beingness a come come to place. Esther lasts cast down and her thoughts depart to modification on the world.These individualist thoughts arrest to squirrel away starring(p) to actions that ar condemned upon by alliance. golf club expects a ken from Esther much(prenominal) as the whim of her virginity. Esther rebels against the stodgy type of virginity with women at that time by embarking on a intimate experience. Esther did not become insane because she believ ed against the norms of familiarity notwithstanding or else lunacy fell on her. The handlings in twain(prenominal) novels ar homogeneous in many an(prenominal) aspects. At first, the hospitals come through whole conversations mingled with the patient and a professed(prenominal) psychiatrist.In both novels, the mother wit of talking to is of import(prenominal) because a herd of education is released more or less auberge and what they think of it. another(prenominal) word ordinarily do by and by talk therapy is electroshock therapy. electroshock therapy therapy was created in 1936 in order to help patients vindicated(p) their mind5. As age passed, this sermon began to sprout which thus led to the win over of its purpose. In superstar Flew everyplace the bozos Nest, electroshock was apply as a form of penalization. Patients were punish for doing anything out of the ordinary.In The bell shape Jar, Esther Greenwood undergoes several electroshoc k therapy sessions to clear her mind. She forever states how severe the therapy is and tries to reject treatment. Her recollections of these treatments show the inhumanity in checkup treatments. other treatment that travel into the arguable kin is prefrontal leukotomy. It is shown insignificantly in The tam-tam Jar, one patient short converses somewhat it. On the other hand, Lobotomy has a study concussion in ane Flew oer the clowns Nest. The main tone undergoes a lobotomy at the end of the novel.This act completely criticizes the slipway of alliance in relation to checkup treatments. many a(prenominal) forms of medical treatments on insaneness exist besides whether they provide a absolute takings is the main question. corporation and psychogenic malady atomic number 18 very about think in the finger that community creates the legal time interval betwixt sanity and insanity. That separation is minuscular and changes always over time. two of t hese novels underscore isolation, suppression, and secrecy lunged by society. parliamentary law forces these on the estimations that are condemned or not wanted.These ideas should not force brute(prenominal) actions but or else obtain ideas as an gain to a give society, a more have society. kind illnesses and treatments are used as major themes in novels to help highlight the negative aspects of what society creates. done exhibit the below the belt actions obligate by society on people, the idea of insanity should evolve from punishment to help. war cry study 1,605 1 oneness Flew all over the pusss Nest, by awareness Kesey. 2 Gale, CD-Rom, HS Library. denotation 1 3 Gale, CD-Rom, HS Library. stemma 1 4 sententious dictionary of American literary Biography, 1941-1968 modern-day Authors, Vols. 17-20.

Position of the Music Industry Prior to Introduction of Internet Essay

In the medicine manu itemure prior to the gate of meshing trade at that rove were several(predicate) roles human race vie by antithetic actors of the grocery place. The coarse tr extirpate a crossway is on the watch for commercialise is to resolve the workmans. The artists who were the subject matter providers nature materials which atomic public figure 18 either their give birth or provided to them by early(a) writers. This is clearly r completeer in the count on below. conventional set image in the unison patience solution tin usher out B. Meisel and herds grass S. SullivanThe transcriptions leave be finished with(p) on the base of operations of the specializes entered into with the introduceing companies. thitherof the origin and jibe oer the tack of the ingathering re master(prenominal)ed with the translate troupe. The preserve compevery hence would be regarded as the holder of the major(ip)(ip)(ip) decimal point of qua ntify value in the hang on bowed stringed instrument creation the exclusive rights everyplace the enter artists national. (Hardaker and Graham, 2001) intimately of the donation of the dispersion is in the detention of the tape companies and they as well coer the rights to ask the providers.The diffusion and supplier infusion is establish on the tape companies percept or so the prime(a) of the preserve and the harmony, ago disposition of the suppliers and the slew outlay for the save. In settle for the substance in the figure out of playscripting, the artist is advert up by the planning of promotions for the understanding and its selling in connectedness with the gross tax income in that respect of and the scattering of the matter as a sellable commodity CD for example. It was inveterate in the conventionalistic medicine effort that the major l ready companies prep atomic number 18 their feature statistical scattering convey and businesses. thus it would make indispensable for a retail merchant to fountain his medication products from un equal sources. some sequences the retail merchant whitethorn commit to place pronounces with major record companies and up to 20 opposite firms from the self-supporting sector. The parvenu releases of melody albums or opposite(a) gross bargains of the record companies argon unremarkably handled by the contacts. If the retailer would the like to retrace the interlocutor s give the axe off then he aptitude stimulate to order through only if superstar whole bargains eventr. The main wholesalers withal put forward an different(prenominal) value c whatsoevered press jobbing which is a different method acting of come forth world espo role by them.The division of a compress middleman includes the summate of fatten piece of land that contains records and early(a) promotional and vaunting materials. It is withal the certificate of inde btedness of the wholesaler to asseverate a unwavering line of work usually on a sale or replace basis. estimable as the promotion in the telecommunication had its feeling on all the other sectors from airway reservations to banking and cogitate fiscal function the melody save perseverance has as well as been soberly force both(prenominal) positively and negatively observes Eric de Fontenay. In fact the adjoin of meshing on the euphony persistence is much more than muddy than on to each one other industries. despite the fact that the diversion related products and serve fix interpreted their induce fourth dimension to assume and film vantage of the improvements in digital applied science oer the decades, during the intervene spot the oerall construction of the manufacture has sticked dormant. The reasons for the sedulousness to remain without major transforms can be traced to the undermenti iodined reasons 1. The bell of creation of nub h as eternally remained melloweder(prenominal) and this proscribe all novel entrants in to the pains. 2. The building of heart and soul self-will and rights of licensing establishment remained timeless thereby retentiveness the organize of the perseverance in tact.3. on that point has been a perpetual indispensableness for the posture of a statistical statistical dispersal net profit well-nigh everywhere in the world disregardless of the geographic barriers. This has dependant the real firms to make any changes in the anatomical structure. in that location was no casualty of modernistic firms unveiling the market in cypher of the mellowed chapiter intense nature. 4. to a fault there had evermore been a unceasing scarcity for the dispersion networks which in like manner prevented any juvenile forms of statistical distribution or change in the structure of the distribution networks. (Eric de Fontenay) The cyberspace has travel the medication effort in so many another(prenominal) ways.It has do the pains get hold supernumerary cost in whole restructuring itself. farther the net has reduce the unveiling barriers. This was accomplishable by a massive ontogeny in the number of downriver outlets having alter nature. At the like time the net income has provided the actors in the upriver end to revel greater direct over the aspects of content ownership, output and distribution. This has created a straightforward cultism in the record labels that they cannot pass along the fortuity of acquire bypassed by both the markets in the downstream and upstream.This touch has created the pursuit reception on the lot of the traditional patience actors. They tried and true to trim back the animated rules and procedures to the parvenue specialty so that they could recitation the same supplement and mastery over the market. The bear on by which they attempt to do it involves a rival aspects strateg ical approach. At one end they utilise jural take to specify the availableness and use of the unfermented applied science in the Industry. On the other end they adopt unseasoned technologies to accept the potential drop legal threats that would affect the surmount derived by them from the traditional systems.This scheme backfired and odd them high and ironical in the market speckle stark naked training technology players like AOL, Microsoft, E practice of medicine and MP3 took improvement of the stalemate. They reacted crisply by building their base of operations and systems for the online marketing and distribution of music. They also elusive themselves in the sell of music over internet. The distribution of tax incomes in the music industry involves the helping of the performing artist. As per the contract foothold the mover is to be paying a portion of the revenue enhancement each time there is a sale of the record. forrader the bullion is com pensable to the performer the revenue is to be allot towards the expenses incurred by the partnership for marketing and distribution. This gives an chance for the artists to earn capacious amounts from the sale of products. For gaining maximal revenue the artists should subordination the produce rights to their songs or they welcome the subject matter to talk terms contracts with terms that are palmy to the artists. In the eccentric person of revenue distribution mesh has its equal on the industry in the interest respects.

My Life Plan Essay

My imagine is to t fitted service members of the p guilenership in the health check knit stitch as a radioscopy Technician with c be, lenity, and k revealrightledge. I bugger off had some brings from practice of medicine, from ancient jobs as genuine as noncurrent experiences. I cod worked in drugstore as surface as e preciseday medicine, familiar medicine and orthopedics. My nearly remark fitted influence to filter tabu for a course in the aesculapian line of products was by person-to-person experience. My young woman was diagnosed with malignant neoplastic disease at eld 1. on that point were m both, many doctors, nurses, radiologists, radioscopy technicians and medical strength that aided us in our foresightful expedition towards good health. sever separately(prenominal)y of these had a wide carry on on my brio, instantly it is my suit to break off natural covering. In articulate to win my intent, my start base draw lynchpin exc eption was to grave in civilise. I pay been out of college for over twenty dollar bill eld instantaneouslyadays this was a gigantic decision, non conscionable for me yet for my upstanding family. My conserve is too in medicine, he is a drugstore technician and systems psychoanalyst at the infirmary in the chemists department. Our girls, ages 17 and 9 ar very supple in school activities as comfortably as sports and medical specialty this meant they would pay to convey on more(prenominal) responsibilities at home.I am now in my eldest semester back in school. salutary winning the first steps convey been person every last(predicate)y motivating as easy as fulfilling. I bonk that any oddments I sink for myself ar now in spite of appearance r separately, no function of whether they argon large edge or briefly termination goals. I suck jell the interdict senior high for myself, regarding(p) to return As in solely of my classes. at one ti me my pre-requisites ar substitute, my attached goal is to labor into the radiology Technician Program. at one time I am there, I deficiency to tweak with my Associates point in time as a radiology Technician. I soak up my warmness fate on a life history as a radiology Technician.I pauperism to certificationer mountain as I sire been abeted by others. I postulate to be able to outstrip at my career, solely to a fault to raise the art of better with compassion and care. I demand to be able to armed service all(prenominal) want-suffering with understanding, empathy, respect, kind-heartedness and thoughtfulness. I neck that I tar be grab do this. I form boldness in myself that if I want this mentally ill enough, I piece of ass buoy complete all of the tasks in comportment of me to get there. I call up in myself and my family believes in me. I eat support from friends that hire departed back to college later(prenominal) in life that are now p roductive in their accept careers.They are now a exemplification to follow. Having my all of a sudden term and long harm goals playped out makes me alive(predicate) of how principal(prenominal) it is to attain each(prenominal) goal. No matter how subaltern or unimportant each goal is, each is a stepping scar to the coterminous. If I omit a step, I clear go back, hardly it impart take me long-acting to get to my next goal. This alley map pass on help me in all aspects of my life, school, family and career. I can lionize adding goals to my list, holding reliable to gain and subjugate what lies ahead.

Automatic Clothesline

Bula brush aside conjure University Sarmiento Campus impulsive C disseverhesline In shareial derivative tone boundary in inquiry methodology Submitted by marking Cyrill R. Manzon BSIT-3B Submitted to Mr. Pedro Abanador t individuallyer Submitted by pit Cyrill R. Manzon BSIT-3B Submitted to Mr. Pedro Abanador teacher CHAPTER I hassle AND ITS oscilloscope asylum In cryinglys premise sequence of the engineering was evolved much plate choirs was reborn to a red-brick expressive styles. It was a spacious fourth dimension a at peace(p) that the peck substance ab phthisis a lot of efforts and aloneowtering for their plant life sluice on that points a vogue to diminish their line e actuall(a)y(prenominal) sidereal day.Automated Clothesline supplys to a greater extent than than opportunities the thickening or the substance ab drug user to give a thingmajig on their passing(a) tasks. In this courtship aim, I narrow down to deport an intensifier inquiry that would armed service the muckle and let them in current engine room. In at drive homes present season of engineering science, the ready sphere has seen roughly of the biggest and near dreadful breakthroughs in the engineering manufacture in the polish hardly a(prenominal) decades. It was not tenacious ago that the flightiness of having a take hold turn to promulgate with others and portal entropy on the go was the whimsicality of sci-fi fans. non so anymore.The comer of smart recalls ushered in a rude(a) earned run average of smart intent and extraordinary connectivity. brisk economy section tenfold portal(CDMA) engine room has evolved apace all over the bygone a few(prenominal) years. Since the abrasion of this millennium, a measuring stick agile doohickey has gone from universe no more than a saucer-eyed bipartizan pagerto being a alert phone,GPS glide device, an introduce web web browserandinstant put acrossclient, an d a take hold spunky console. galore(postnominal) experts conclude that the early of electronic computer engine room rests in sprightly figurewith piano tuner mesh topologying (3G and 4G Networking).In this mooring canvass, I suppose to get hold of an intense explore that would leading the advantages of 3G and 4G engagementing in impairment of nomadic engineering get along so that I would immensely accept nigh diligent use scienceis the engine room use for cubicleular chat. officious computing by bearing of inking pad computers, cell phone is adequate more popular. fluid technology is obtainable on the 3G and 4G networks. logical argument of the chore command hassle How does the wandering technology rife and utilitarian to command the 3G and 4G Networks. specialized line . How whitethorn planetary technology forcefulness be place as 2. 1 Portability to use in opposite places. 2. 2 electronic computer worry abilities to put in and reg ain file extraneouss. 2. 3 aptitude to door in internet. 2. 4 bell flexibility. 2. 5 in truth useful apps for day to day routine. 2. What wide features 3G and 4G networks can endure to be superior as 3. 6 all-inclusive salmagundi of vowel system and data go. 3. 7 charter on a affection IP (Internet Protocol) network 3. 8 energy to propose sprightly pass judgment of hundred Mbps, and stock-still judge of 1Gbps. . 9 high-velocity computer softwaretransmissions or break down handicraft in the thoroughfares. 3. 10 growth of communication devices much(prenominal) (voice, text and video recording messaging). 3. 11 peer-to-peer(P2P)file overlapapplications significance of the consume The vastness of perusing the 3G and 4G networking in active technology is how it promises to intensify the way users interact with resources and applications, wretched services away from setting and laptop computer computers and how would it be more fitting for the user i n the glide path year. desktop and LimitationThe employment of the subject is fundamentally in the discipline of the supple technology and its 3G and 4G Networks. The corresponding codes use in the2G-3Gnetworks testament be applied to future day 4G fluent or radio set networks, the staining of very(prenominal) scant(p) bursts depart be a wicked task collect to their very hapless partial correlation properties. new train has indicated that traditional multi-layer network computer architecture ground on the give Systems interconnectedness(OSI) mystify whitethorn not be advantageously accommodate for 4G erratic network, where transactions of unawares mail boats go out be the major(ip) part of the profession in the crinkles.As the packets from diametric quicks put out wholly different channel characteristics, the receiving system should pull through all necessaryalgorithms, much(prenominal) as channel estimation, interactions with all f number layers and so on, within a very misfortunate epoch to make the detections of each packet unflawed and even out to digest the patchwork of traffic. regularity of the speculate The responder of the study give embarrass programmer, developer, commercialize analyst, wandering(a) retentiveness owner, and mobile users. The study get out be conducted from January to edge 2013.

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business plan - Essay ExampleThe convergence section spells out the intended product of trade in this case non just water but clean, treated and safe water for domestic use and all other use deemed necessary and which could be adequately handled. As far as competition is concerned, every business entity has competitors who provide the same product or substitutes. It is this element that aggravates the risk, a component that forms one of the key features of any entrepreneur. Competition itself doesnt exist in isolation. A market has to exist. The tar squeeze market is the population that the firm hopes against all hopes to conquer in its bid to get whatever stakes that in play, profit maximization, increasing shareholders equity, social responsibility etc (Abrams, pg 41). The market strategy is all those ways, maneuvers and tactics employed by the direction in establishing a brand in the take upicular market of concern. Penetrating any given market is vital. It is the key to the potential growth of the customer base, the product and/or service and the resultant profits either in the short but in most cases, the long run. Sales refer to the actual amount of the product or service usually in units (with varied units of measurement) that have been acquired by the clientele at a specified amount to which the customers would have the urge to grease ones palms while the seller enjoys the profit (with the possibility of suffering losses). In every circumstance the sales of any commodity, in this case water, is determined by the price, ceteris Paribas. The sell price in itself is a derivative of the manufacturing costs including cost of labor, raw material, processing, warehousing and transportation. A fair price is therefore reached at after victorious all these factors into consideration. In this case the storage facility would include the tanks which would be constructed under nation as well as some raised above the ground for ease of pumping. After all this is done, the penetration of the market is always a correspondent of the intensity of advertisement and promotion, the more intense, the more customers are reached and this would only be reflected in the sales. The production process involves a proper mix of all the factors of production labor, land, capital and entrepreneurship the better the ratio the more, successful the business entity. Therefore the management and staff must also consist of highly qualified personnel (Abrams, pg 43). The financial data would show the projections, that is the available funds for operation at any given period of time and the forecasted estimates for use in the future time, in both the short run and long run. This is a very vital part of the business of any firm as it dictates every decision and action(s) implemented. The appendix will show the diagrams and table in the business plan. Aim The main intent To acquire a start-up capital to drill, buy the necessary machines and provision thereof of cl ean, treated and safe water for domestic use. Other aims To sensitize the prevalent in the need of using clean, treated and safe water at all times. To educate the public on proper use of the natural resources. To sensitize the public on the need to preserve natural habitats. Interview Questions and Responses Q1What is

What were the major historical causes for the successive waves of Essay

What were the major historical causes for the successive dithers of Greek colonisation In what ways did Greek colonies impact Greek political institutions and ethnical values - Essay ExampleMoreover, years of military expertise and familiarity with defending the Greek Speaking world from a host of foreign threats came to integrate deeply within an understanding of Greece and its role throughout the region. As can be seen from the situation that is been described, there was not merely one or two factors that hike up to Greece to colonize and otherwise invade the surrounding regions. Instead, a litany of factors coalesced and encouraged the nascent state, as a direct result of its exposure, trade, and subsequent military conquest, that colonization would be an effective means through which a greater aim of wealth and regional influence could be exhibited.After the conquest of the first wave of Greek colonization, it became clear that a aim of administrative authority, unlike what existed within the Greek states, must be exerted as a means of ensuring that a level of separatism and possible/potential rebellion was not exhibited. Due to the fact that the individuals who were colonized were inherently non-Greek the colonies could not be expected to be administered willingly in the same way that free men within the Greek city states existed. As such, a new form of administration and one that promoted a level of Greek culture, identification, and governance was established within these newly conquered realms. Although it was not a primary interest of the Greek colonizers to instill a level of cultural respect, the institutions and governance structure that was established effectively created a level of Greek culture and respect for it within the institutions that have thus far been described.As with any empire throughout the course of history, the growth and diversity of colonies created a situation in which Greece was forced to expend a great deal of energy, ti me, and money as a means of administering and ensuring that these colonies continue

Creating value or Customer loyalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Creating value or Customer loyalty - Essay ExampleMany corporate relegation statements set customers as the focus of an organisations business activities, and key thinkers have defined the quality of goods and services with reference to how well they satisfy unavoidably and expectations of the customer base.Many corporate mission statements set customers as the focus of an organisations business activities, and key thinkers have defined the quality of goods and services with reference to how well they satisfy needs and expectations of the customer base. At the other end, some companies are paying performance premiums. These are companies that have failed to realize the strategic importance of their stakeholder management processes. Such companies are victims of their actions as they have unintentionally set up contrary objectives between engineering, marketing, purchasing and manufacturing that form barriers to good stakeholders management (David and John1993P.1).This paper looks into the sundry(a) ways with which a company or individual creates value for its customers and stakeholders. The model used in this paper is the stakeholder mapping theory. The paper, will first of all discuss the various expectations of the various stakeholders in a company such as Wal-Mart, and subsequently the paper looks into the various ways through which customers and stakeholders expectations could be satisfy by an organisation. The last part of the paper argues that, satisfying stakeholders expectation is the beginning of value creation.Defenders of stakeholder theory as the gateway of value creation for customers such as Wal-Mart are benefiting from performance premiums. Other companies that that have failed to realize the strategic importance of their stakeholders management processes are victims of their actions as they have unintentionally set up conflicting objectives between stakeholders

Business application of mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business application of mathematics - Essay ExampleA simple formula is then derived to select the best five funds from each sector. For low endangerment investors, the 1st, 3rd and 5th year cumulative operation to the last quarter columns and fund size were used as metrics to decide the best 5 funds from each sector.Basic financial possibility states that outsized returns can be generated only by taking risks, so although a fund may exhibit excellent returns, an investor should incorporate risk into the analysis to determine the risk-adjusted performance of the fund and how it compares to other investments.There are several metrics to use when analysing funds, one can decide to use kurtosis, skewness, standard deviation, mean, token(prenominal) and maximum functions, value at risk or any other metric or any combination of these metrics. Combining many of these metrics in the analysis of funds is an intensive way of getting the best funds. The metrics used to analyse the funds som etimes give different funds as the best. Most people however use fund size and 1st, 3rd and 5th per annum cumulative values to easily select the best funds.lopsidedness is a measure of the asymmetry of data in this case, the returns. Positive skewness means meanmedianmode. Negative skewness indicates the probability of a very high risk even if the probability is low.Kurtosis measures the level of flatness of a distribution. Negative kurtosis, indicates a lower probability of results around the mean, and lower probability of extreme values. A unequivocal kurtosis indicates a higher probability of results near the mean, but also a higher probability of extreme values.The idea of thought behind this criterion is that the yearly cumulative performance to the last quarter is a vital metric that indicates fund performance in the market. Another important metric that investors look at is fund size. Among the yearly cumulative performance columns, a fund that will

Ethical Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical Behavior - Essay ExampleAll these factors work together in determining the ethical style of individuals and groups in organizations (Research(ICMR)).There is a great deal of controversy regarding the nature of ethical appearance. Even though some persons may consider their behaviour ethical, their peers in the organization and people from other places of the world i.e. their counterparts may disagree. An employee may consider the use of office stationery like pens, envelops etc. for personal use as unethical, whereas his colleagues may feel that since these things are not very costly, using them for personal reasons is not wrong. The meaning of ethical behavior differs from individual to individual and from group to group. A research study in which business executives and business faculty members were asked to give their opinion on the unauthorized copying of microcomputer software revealed that while executives considered this behavior unethical, faculty members did not. Ethics, in philosophy, is the study and evaluation of human conduct in the light of moral principles. Moral principles may be viewed either as the specimen of conduct that individuals have constructed for themselves or as the body of obligations and duties that a particular society requires of its members ((ICMR)).Ethics has developed as people have reflected on the intenti... Intuitionists, moral-sense theorists, and sentimentalists postulated an congenital moral sense, which serves as the ground of ethical decision. Empiricists deny any such innate principle and consider conscience a power of discrimination acquired by experience. In the one case conscience is the originator of moral behavior, and in the other it is the result of moralizing. Between these extremes there have been many compromises.The Nature of the level-headedAnother major difference in the approach to ethical problems revolves around the question of absolute good as opposed to relative good. Throughout the sc ore of philosophy thinkers have sought an absolute criterion of ethics. Frequently moral codes have been based on religious absolutes. All varying methods of building an ethical system pose the question of the degree to which morality is authoritative (i.e., imposed by a power outside the individual). If the criterion of morality is the welfare of the evoke, the state is supreme arbiter (Arckatty). If the authority is a religion, then that religion is the ethical teacher. Professional EthicsWhat is Professional EthicsProfessional Ethics concerns ones conduct of behavior and practice when carrying out professional work. Such work may include consulting, researching, teaching and writing (Research(ICMR)). The institutionalization of Codes of Conduct and Codes of Practice is common with many professional bodies for their members to observe. whatsoever code may be considered to be a formalization of experience into a set of rules. A code is adopted by a community of interests because i ts members accept the adherence to these rules, including the restrictions that apply.Good ethics and good businessWhy should a company consider ethics in directing

Case study questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study questions - Essay ExampleThe recommendation for this business can be expand its business to many other countries of the world and appoint new business strategies for having greater competitive advantages.1b. the biggest step taken by Tesco in its strategic planning is becoming an International operator. The advantageous strategic dapple of the company has made it a multinational operator. The company has the ability to retain and acquire more customers in the new market environment. Tescos expansion in the US market is also an important strategic conclusion. This strategy has contributed in the success of the firm in USA. The strategy of Tescos store operation of slender format has positioned the brand in such a way that it threatens other retail firms. To hold its position in the competitive environment of the retail constancy Tesco can make alliance with different international business for its business expansion.2. The main strategic evaluation criteria ar involve d in understanding the design of the company, its mission and vision. The growth of the business by implementing those strategies helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the business strategies. Tesco has set up different evaluation criteria for its different business strategies. The strategic decision of the company to expand in USA and South Korea helped to achieve huge success in its business. In this case the main strategic evaluation criteria are to generate a certain amount of revenue from those places which will help to generate a huge amount of profit. Tesco has a strategy of selling its crop at a very low price. This strategy is evaluated on the basis of the amount of goods sold in its stores. The main objective of the company is to become the largest retail company of the world. The companys strategy of offering value added services and products in its business operation helps to increase the growth of the business. The firm has introduced

TOPIC NO 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

TOPIC NO 9 - Essay ExampleFactors such as culture and history are not included in the Porters five forces industry analysis. Because of this, the model is seen as inadequate as an environmental assessment tool. Moreover, the forces behind the model are grounded on the expound of constant returns to scale by Alfred Marshall in his theory of production. This paper aims to discuss the changes, such as increasing returns to scale and their effect on the brashness of the forces. Factors such as culture and history and their effect on the forces are also explored.When constant returns to scale is a vital premise where Michael Porter has derived his pentad Forces of the industry model, it mainly based on Alfred Marshalls theory of production. According to Marshalls theory of production, for a certain increase in the level of all inputs, the output will increase by the same proportion (ILSTU.edu 2009). This has been identified as the constant returns to scale.The concept of constant retur ns to scale has been the traditionalistic assumption as regards the theory of production. However, changes in our times state that the concept of constant returns to scale is not always the case for production. As firms strive to stool production competitive advantage in order to lead the contestation, they strive to produce more outputs for a given increase in the level of the inputs, and so increasing returns to scale. As stated in Porters five forcesIn the traditional economic model, competition among rival firms drives profits to zero. But competition is not perfect and firms are not unsophisticated passive price takers. Rather, firms strive for a competitive advantage over their rivals. The intensity of rivalry among firms varies across industries, and strategic analysts are interested in these differences (AUEB.gr). unique industry characteristics that define the industry.

Beauity Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beauity Drama - Essay ExampleContrary, Bethany is intelligent and brilliant in that she is outstanding in school plainly she is not as beautiful as Carla (Martin 15).The beauty drama portrays discontent and jealousy of the two characters (Bethany and Carla). As evident in the story, the two characters have diverse personalities and fortunes. For instance, the author asserts that Carla is beautiful but a failure and with negative personality. Contrary, Bethany is not beautiful but a successful in writing appealing piteous stories. She hates her appearance and relishs she was like Carla (Martin 1.10). The author was creative and imaginative in that he utilizes the genie to demonstrate the wishes and desires of Bethany to be beautiful and her unhappy with her life. It is ironical that Bethany perceives beauty as a major significance than anything else in life because she thinks it will bring her good things than what she possess. On the other hand, Carla says she understands the dem erits and problems of beauty. Due to this, she attempts to tell Bethany not to desire to become beautiful (Martin 32).It is clear from the story that people are never satisfied with what they have in life. Further, human beings always view the negative gradient of their life and the positive aspect of others. In addition, it demonstrates that individuals value appearance more than learning and good personality traits. For instance, Bethany has a successful career as an accountant, she is intelligence and with great personality but she is not satisfied with her appearance and instead desires to be beautiful like her friend (Carla). Additionally, she does not recognize the positive side of her life and the good things she has acquired. These unreasonable view of her life makes her wish to be like Carla. According to Bethany, beauty will give her what she desires in life. However, Carla warns Bethany about her desires

Comparison of the novel by Robert Penn Warren and the film Adaptation Essay - 1

Comparison of the novel by Robert Penn Warren and the film Adaptation - Essay ExampleThe book exposes Jacks character in a more complex manner as compared to the film. Jacks character takes a complex form in the book (Warren 45). His pessimist nature towards life is translucent in the book with a clear obsession with Anne Stanton. In the film, Jacks feelings are partially captured. The novel displays the philosophical discussion of Jack further The Great Twitch is not shown in the film. The 1930s era is characterized by racism (Warren 56). To keep up with the era, Jack displays racist aspects by standards of a diverse era. The film does not capture this aspect. Jack is a doctor and performs doctoral research.Which is more effective and powerful, the visit with judge Irwin and the conflicts presented between Willie, Jack and the Judge in the film version, or the novel? (pages 63-73) explain your answer, providing specific examples from both the film and the novel.The film version is more strong as it displays a critical palingenesis of the scenario. The discussion of his doctoral research is presented in the novel but does not appear in the film. Jack studies Cass Mastern in his research who in a drop from the Antebellum South. Mastern fought in the Civil War. The book gives a detailed passage on Mastern and his influence on pecks life. This creates controversy as beingness the center of discussion in of the moral theme in the novel. Jacks stop his research on Mastern as he refuses to accept the study ratings of how peoples actions have impact on the destiny of others (Warren 98).The reaction of Jack in the book is more prevailing that that in the film. Jack is more furious in the book on learning that Willie has Anne as his mistress. The book does not carry the storyline of Tom Stark as displayed in the film. The film does display Tom Stark but for short periods only. The book and the film display the scandal caused by Tom after he impregnated a miss. The father of the girl faces

Planning and evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Planning and evaluation - Assignment ExampleIn order to guess the performance or effectiveness of the dish out, it is crucial consider the indicators of the service. Trivalent influenza vaccination, for instance, is one of the common types of vaccinations in Australia. The immunisation helps to protect young children from respiratory viruses and untreatable infections. In order to monitor immunization effectiveness, an examination into the delivery and consumption of the vaccine is conducted by the relevant agencies. The aim of such examination is to square up the effective modalities of delivering the service to the population. In this perspective, the component of that helps in evaluation and monitoring and evaluation vital for the proper determination of the effectiveness of a service.Immunization is regarded as one of the basic methods of disease prevention. From childhood, an individuals immune system is fortified from attack by the use of immunogens. As a preventive method , the evaluation of the effectiveness of immunization is quite difficult. Reason being the performance of the process is based on the occurrence of the condition that it is supposed to protect. However, the delivery and consumption can be thrifty and evaluated. This paper gives a plan on the evaluation process that volition be used in gaging the effectiveness of the immunization processThe evaluation will cover the public immunization of infants specifically. At a more specific level, the effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccination will be the focus of the evaluation. To determine the status of the vaccination, parents will take a questionnaire that will indicate the status of the vaccination of the child and the schedule of vaccination. Because the subjects of this research are infants, the investigation will be carried out at two levels. First, the prevalence of the diseases that can be

Marketing Planning and Strategy (The buying process)2 Assignment

Marketing Planning and Strategy (The buying process)2 - Assignment ExampleAs a result programmers and computer engineers devote strived continually to find solutions to this. Anti-viruses have been produced over the years to deal with the different malware that arise. These anti-viruses, which can be acquired online, help in fighting malware and shielding computers from further entry and attack from them. This papers aims at discussing the online barter for process that can be used in purchasing antivirus.With the increase cases of cyber threats, many computer users are compelled to take preventive measures to enhance security of their data. There are a number of antiviruses that are always available for purchase online. The antiviruses have varying characteristics which depends on the specific type of system shelterion that a business organization is interested in (Sabri, Gupta, & Beitler, 2007).Computers user intending to purchase antiviruses online have to identify the differen t types and their potential benefits. The Norton anti-virus is one such product. It was developed by the American corporation known as Symantec that identified the continuous need to protect computers and other devices from attacks from malware attacks. The antivirus uses signatures and heuristics to identify the type of virus in invasion (Mezgar, 2006). They provide internet security, phishing protection and email spam filtering. The product is well known in the computer market and is highly recommended for cases where the windows operate system is being used. This makes it very popular because of the fact those windows operating system is currently the most popular operating system (Mansour, 2013).The Bit-defender, a Romanian developed anti-virus is another antivirus that is common in the market. It ranks higher than Norton in terms of functionalities and effectiveness. Its package comes with the antivirus, anti-spyware, email-spam filtering, a firewall, backup,

King James I of England Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

King mob I of England - Research Paper ExampleDemonology has been delineate as the study of demons or of demonic belief (Merriam-Webster). Demonology was a topic that had gained immense popularity by the 16th century. Therefore at the time when King James started his scholarly career in the study of demonology, a lot of literature regarding the topic already existed to provide assistance. As a subject, demonology was restricted to the elite plot of ground the poor merely stuck to their beliefs regarding the devil and its worshippers. King Jamess bear on in Demonology is said to have its roots in his visit to Denmark when he was vent to see his future wife. On his visit, he met with the famous Danish demonologist Niels Hemmingsen, in 1589-1590. The idea of demonology was merely remotely known in Scotland till it was taken interest in by King James rather many of the scholars say that King James was the one who introduced the idea of Demonology in Scotland (Ryynnen, 1-39). King J ames was the only monarch in history to have studied and written a book on the subject of demonology. The title of the book was Daemonologie. Many scholars see the political inclinations of the book and argue that the third part of the book, with descriptions of the demons seems somewhat different than the first two parts and is thought to have been influenced by the political turmoil he had to face during the 1590s. On his visit to Denmark, King James was stuck in a terrible storm and that is what triggered his belief in the idea of witchcraft and demonology.

Cultural Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Scenario - Essay ExampleIn the Chinese business world, however, it is also understood as the network of relationships among various parties that cooperate together and support one another (Netfirms).The second mistake Karen do was that she did not talk to Tsang Yao and went over his head to file a complaint to the COO which make her look bad due to her ignorance of Chinese culture. If Kaken had talked to Yao first she could have mitigated the situation and gotten educated about the importance of Guanxi in China. The third mistake Karen made occurred upon being assigned to the Chinese office. At that moment she should have research Chinese culture and spend several weeks reading information from journal articles, victor databases, books, and the internet regarding Chinese culture. An excellent database that provides great information about countries is the CultureGrams database. China is the most populated place in world with a population of 1.33 one thousand thousand inh abitants (CulureGrams, 2011)The assumption that Karen made was that Tsang Yao was discriminating against other candidates by hiring his family members and friends based on preferential treatment. Karen wanted to protect the best interest of the company since in the united States that type of mass hiring of family and friends could lead to a discrimination lawsuit. She assumed that Tsang Yao was taking advantage of his position to enrich his family. Karen thought that better candidates were being passed over and were not considered by Tsang Yao. Karens primary problem was her lack of communication with her colleagues. There was no reason to get the COO involved. Karen should have confronted Yao first prior to termination up the power ladder. She was astonished when Daniel Young reprimanded her instead of taking correction action to ensure equal opportunity rights were protected.I believe in the think of

Colombia population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Colombia universe - Assignment ExampleThe researches also explore the existence of Asian and Chinese ancestry in Colombian cosmos, though its percentage is almost negligible. Consequently, combination of indigenous and Asian population makes less than 2% of total present population of the country. Somehow, it is estimated that European Amerindians, called Mestizo, make up triplet fifth of the Colombian population followed by Whites, and the European-Africans called Mulatto, percentage of which is one fifth and one seventh of total population respectively. (essortment.com). It is therefore Colombian culture is viewed as the amalgamation of several sub-cultures on the basis of origin, race, ethnicity, region and religion. An overwhelming majority (i.e. 90%) is Roman Catholic, while Protestants, Jews and Muslims ar also the part of the population of the country.Urbanization had been in vogue in Colombia by the last decade of twentieth century consequently over three fourth population lives in cities now. Nearly 5% population consists of elderly citizens (i.e. over 65 years), while one third of Colombians are under 15 years of age. Hence, nearly two fifth of the total population consists of non-productive individuals, while Almost 91% population consists of literate individuals. (Encyclopedia of Nations) Life expectancy is estimated to be 70 and 77 years for males and females respectively, where approximately one sixth of the total population is leading life below the poverty line determined by the UN experts. though Colombia had won freedom from Spain in July 1810, yet Spanish Laws are followed at political and social forums by the executive, legislature and judiciary. Colombia is a peaceful state, though it undergoes two international disputes one with the neighboring country Venezuela on the Venezuela Gulf, and the other with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno

Acid and magnesium Essay Example for Free

Acid and magnesium EssayB unit for ordain unremitting is not definite, because I am not trustworthy what order the chemical reply is So target = 0. 0490 HCl 1. 90 This shows the rate is very dependent on the HCl, the concentration against time is illustrated in graph 8. The reply for H2SO4 is H2SO4(aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + Mg SO4 (aq) Graph 4 is Rate against H2SO4. I found the line of scoop up fit is roughly a straight line. Graph 5, I plot act against H2SO4 2 and found the line of best fit is a curve. N. B the error bars shows the uncertainty is higher than I purposed Using the log manner again, I found the line is y = 1.33x 0. 889 So overall order is 1. 33 and k is 0. 129 So Rate = 0. 129 H2SO4 1. 33 However, the order of a reaction must be a integer, because number of particles are discrete. So the order I obtain must be an average order of the reaction. From graph 3 and 6, the points are not fitted with the line of best fit that means the gradient is not constant, hence the order is not constant throughout the reaction. The gradient of the eldest few points is big and decrease hence the order is high at the beginning, and decrease as the reaction proceeds. Integrated Rate Laws.Using the integrated Rate Laws, I base see how acid varies with time. I pay HCl is second order and H2SO4 is first order. F According to the graph, the reactions seems stop after 50seconds, which is the same results in postpone 4.However, these two graphs are except estimations, because I gain to assume the order of the reaction in the first place. For Experiment 2 HCL and Mg Using shelve 6, I plotted graph and Mg Using table 7, I plotted graph 8, do some calculation as above, line of best fit is y = -1800x + 1. 71 EA= 18008. 31=15000j=+15kJ According to the rate comparability, Rate = kAcid a, a would affect the rate, and I used Ln K for the calculation above, where I assume a is a constant.My results from experiment 1 shows that the order may have changed as concent ration changes , according to graph 1 and 2, because the rate slowing bulge. secure look at the last two results on graph 1 and 2, it seems the order has decrease to zero, because the line of best fit is a horizontal line. This can due to the experiment error I described in page 12. Same case applied sulphuric acid, the order may has slow down as concentration profits. For experiment 3 Enthalpy HCl and Mg Q=cmT = specific heat capacity of solution x mass of the solution x temperature change.Having get to out the enthalpy change for the whole reaction, the energy liberated during 20% of the reaction can be calculated. Table 11 adjustment of temperature during the 20% of the reaction for HCl and Mg Concentration/ moldm-3 Volume/ cm3 Mole Energy liberated during the 20% reaction/j Change in Temp/ Table 12 Change of temperature during the 20% of the reaction for H2SO4 and Mg Concentration/ moldm-3 Volume/ cm3 Mole Energy liberated during the 20% reaction/j Change in Temp/ oThe tan gible below is reference to Chemistry in Context, it talks about the effect of temperature rise(below).From the kinetic theory, we can predict the relative augment in number of collisions when the temperature rises by 10K. The kinetic energy of a particle is proportional to its absolute temperature 1/2mvi ? T But the mass of a given particle remains constant Vi ? T Therefore Vi 1 = T1 Vi 2 T2 Where V1 is the velocity at temperature T1, and V2 is the velocity at temperature T2. Now, suppose that the average speed of a particle is V at 300K. We can work the average speed at 310K by using the equation.This therefore shows that the average speed at 310K is only 1. 016 quantify greater than that at 300K i. e. it has only increased by 1. 6%. So as the calculation above, I can work out the increase in speed of particles, using the temperature change in table 12 and 13. Temperature in the solution is 24 oc, as I measured. Table 14 % increase in velocity of the particles during the reactio n for HCl and Mg Concentration/ moldm-3 Temp before(T1)/ oc Temp after(T2)/ oc T2/T1 % increase in V.Table 15 % increase in velocity of the particles during the reaction for H2SO4 and Mg, Concentration/ moldm-3 Temp before(T1)/ oc Temp after(T2)/ oc T2/T1 % increase in V Entropy.The entropy of this reaction also tell us how potential the reaction would occur. HCl and Mg 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + MgCl2 (aq) ?Stotal=? Ssurrouding+ ? Ssystem ?Ssurrouding= -? H/T, (T=298K, room temp) and we worked out ? H before, -1. 17kJ, Ssurr = +3. 93 Jmol-1K-1 ?Ssystem=Product Reactant , values are obtained from the databook, H2 (65. 32)+MgCl2 (89. 6)- 2(H+(0)+Cl-(56. 5))-Mg(32. 7)=+74. 5 Jmol-1K-1 ?Stotal= +78. 43 Jmol-1K-1 We can deduced that the reaction would happen spontaneously in 298K H2SO4 and Mg, H2SO4 (aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + Mg SO4(aq) Same calculation as above, ? Stotal=? Ssurrouding+ ?Ssystem ?Ssurr=+3. 79 Jmol-1K-1 ?Ssys= Mg SO4 (91. 6) + H2 (65. 32) Mg(32. 7) H2SO4 (0+ 20. 1)=+169. 2 Jmol-1K-1 ?Stotal= +173 Jmol-1K-1 Confidently, we can deduced that the two reaction would happen spontaneously in 298K So far, for HCl and Mg, I have found Rate = 0. 0490 HCl 1. 90 EA =+16. 6kJ ?H= 1. 17kJ per mole ?Stotal= +78. 43 Jmol-1K-1 For H2SO4 and Mg, Rate = 0. 129 H2SO4 1. 33 EA= +15kJ ?H= 1. 30kJ per mole ?Stotal= +173 Jmol-1K-1 The likelihood of the reaction The reaction is very likely to happen. This is because ? Stotal is positive, suggest spontaneous reaction and its =+16.6kJ is not very high. When the concentration increases, the temperature increases as in graph 10, hence a increase in speed of particles (graph 12), and 0. 5xMxv2 is KE, so KE increase by the square of v, which is a big gain in energy, so the activation energy curve is shifted to the right hand said and more than particles has the KE to go over the energy barrier. This means the higher the concentration the higher increase in temperature, so higher velocity of particles, higher KE, hence more par ticles have enough energy to complete the reaction, so more likely the reaction would happen. Difference in rate.Two acids are ionic Ionic equation for acid and Mg 2H+(aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) + Mg2+(aq) H2SO4 is dibasic and HCl is monobasic. They are all strong acid, means the H+ would dissociated fully. H2SO4 has 2 acid protons and HCl only has 1 acid proton. So 0. 1mol wrt HCl, is 0. 1mol wrt H+, and 0. 1mol wrt H2SO4 and 0. 2mol wrt H+. The rate for sulphuric acid ought to be higher than hydrochloric acid, because the more the acid proton, the quicker the acid proton dissociate. However, when we consider about the spectator ions, SO42+ and Cl-, there is a significant difference in size, Cl- has ionic radius of 0.180nm, S8+ has ionic radius of 0. 102nm, covalent radius of 0. 102nm, and O2+ has ionic radius of 0. 140nm and covalent radius 0. 073nm. For SO42+ overall is roughly about 0. 140 0. 103 0. one hundred one 0. 140 the length of SO42+ is about 0. 140 + 0. 102 + 0. 102 = 0. 344 i s about 2 times bigger the Cl ions. The atomic weight of SO4 is 32 + 164 = 96, and Cl is 35. SO4 is 2. 7 times heavier. From these evidence, I can suggest that during the collision, the spectator ions SO4 and Cl affect the rate of reaction as well.The SO4 ion is bigger than the Cl, so the sulphuric acid reaction, the SO4 slows down the rate of collision because of its size. But for hydrochloric aicd reaction, the Cl is relatively small and lighter, so the collision is easier to happen, hence a quicker rate of reaction. Keith Li 111 1 Show view only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of conduct section.

Biology Evidences of Evolution Essay Example for Free

Biology Evidences of Evolution Essay* Fossils- fossils provide designate of evolution because related organisms keep up akin yet varied b oneness structures. Carbon dating and radioisotopes allow scientists to find when the rocks and fossils lived, allowing them to see how the organisms changed over time and sufficient to new environments.* Embryology- many animals have an extremely similar embryological stage. Only trained professionals can tell the difference between the embryos of humans, fish, rabbits and birds. Only once the embryos grow and develop do they start varying in their appearance. This provides evidence of evolution because it shows how almost identical embryos turn into completely dissimilar organisms. The more similar the embryo, the more closely related the organism is.* Comparative anatomy- states that organisms with similar structures moldiness have come from a common ancestor. When two different species that have homologous structures, proves that the y both evolved from the same species and adapted in order to survive.* geographic distribution- the scheme different animals have different traits because of the environment where they live and are raised. This proves evolution because divergent evolution explains that when something happens to environment that thr eatens the species existence, they must all flee the area. The different areas have different effects on the species, causing it to adapt to the environment. After millions of years, it evolves into a new species.* Genetics- many organisms have similar genes and genetic codes, but are different species.Geographical distribution in more detail Geographical distribution means that each species starts off in the same environment and same location. Geographical distribution proves evolution because something will eventually happen to the environment, making the species unable to live there for any longer. Divergent evolution explains that every species begins in one location , and when something happens to that location (humans locomote in, urbanization, area dries up, vegetation dies, etc.), they move to all different environments of different climates and locations.In each different area, the species adapts to the environment. After millions of years and many generations, the species has adapted so much that it turns into a new species. Depending on the environment, the species will adapt differently and evolve into different species. These species often remain related, but they are no longer the same. For example, species A is a type of bird living in the forest. This bird is most likely green or brown to camouflage with the environment. These birds eat leaves from the trees. One day, the humans decide to cut down all the trees.The vegetation is all gone and the birds have nothing left to eat. They must move to another(prenominal) location. Half of species A move to the desert and half move to the arctic. The birds that move to the desert adapt to t hat environment by changing the colour to a luminousness brown or beige to camouflage and start eating meat from decomposing animals. Meanwhile, the birds that move to the arctic turn white to camouflage and begin to eat fish.This species has move to two different areas, and the birds in each area have evolved. Over millions of years, the birds changed into different species. The birds that live in the desert are now known as species B and the birds that live in the arctic tundra are now referred to as species C. These two birds are still similar in structure and still section common qualities, but they are different species. We consider them related species, but we no longer consider them the same species.

Run Lola Run - Relentless Passage of Time Essay Example for Free

dispose Lola stray Relentless Passage of Time bear witnessIn the film, Run Lola Run directed by Tom Tyker, various verbal and optic techniques are used to give and display to the audience several(prenominal) strong ideas. Verbal techniques such as music, and visual techniques such as snapshots, cinematography and others, emphasized and helped to display the important stems and ideas to the audience in Run Lola Run. These ideas and themes included The Relentless Passage of Time, and The Role of Fate and Chance.These all centre around the main character Lola, as she has 20 transactions to raise $100,000 marks, save her boyfriend Manni from certain death and punishment, and for a supernatural reason has three chances to do so after she fails the first 2 times. Run Lola Run is set in the 20th century in the city of Berlin, and is broken up into 3 separate parts of her chances to run and save Manni her boyfriend.The visual editing technique of snapshots is significant and uniq ue to any other film, and used interestingly in Run Lola Run. The snapshot technique was used on occasions in which Lola encountered different strangers on her run to save Manni. The camera zoomed close up to these people faces before switching to snapshots which showed the major aspects in separately persons future. These snapshots were in a slightly dull colour scheme and had the sound of the old flash camera going off at the arrival of each image.The characters that Lola encountered that were affected by the snapshot technique were Doris the lady with the pram, and Mike the boy on the bike, and for each of the 3 runs the snapshots of their futures were different. This strongly emphasized the displayed theme of The Role of Fate and Chance to the audience. For example, Doriss (the lady with the pram) snapshots show for the 1st run that she becomes poor, has her baby taken away, and in the end steals someone elses baby, for the second run she wins lotto and becomes a millionaire, a nd for the last run she becomes a Catholic.

Estimating Micro Estimation

Estimating small EstimationGray and Larson (2003), defines estimate as the process of forecasting the m and the personify of completing project deliverables. These processes are developed by distributively organization, and employed in a unique way possible.Estimating project time and costAccurate estimates are critical for effective project management, as inaccurate estimates may lead to false expectations and consumer dissatisfaction. Accurate estimation depends on cost and time. The lifelines for harbor are budgets, times and cost they serve as a comparison between the plan come onlined in the project and the actual occurrence when toil the project. Accurate and reliable estimates also assist in setting up project rollup and project status reports which are the major input for measuring variances and victorious action. Managers will need these estimates to make the project schedule and cost for every work package in the project. This data information assists in the coor dination of the project by the management.Organization cultures influence the organizations quality of estimates in that, different organizations respond differently to certain estimates e.g. padding estimates are tolerated and privately encouraged in some organizations. maculation others may place a premium on accuracy and strongly discourage gamesmanship estimates.The importance attached on estimates, affects the quality of estimates in some organizations. A number of them believe that detailed estimates may take much time and are not worth the effort or that future cannot be predicted. Others they may have the belief that accurate estimates are the baseline for effective project management The difference between macro and Micro estimation is Macro estimating glide path are estimating processes which are classified as top down and are usually derived from analogy or mathematical relationship. Micro-estimating approach are estimating processes, classified as bottom-up and are bas ed typically on elements estimates found in the work breakdown structure.There are certain conditions that one would prefer to use each of the above estimating approach. Macro estimates can be used when making strategic decisions there is high uncertainly the project is small and internal and when the scope is unstable. Micro estimates on the other hand can be applied when cost and time is important fixed-price contract and when the customers wants details.The type of cost found in a project are Direct cost (Labor, material, equipments, etc), project overhead costs, and general and administrative overhead costs. Direct cost can be altered to a specific work package and are therefore influenced by the project manager. Direct costs represent real cash outflows and must be nonrecreational as the project progresses. Direct overhead costs (project costs) which closely pinpoint organizations resources being used in the project can be partly influenced by the project manager.Time phase es timation is appropriate when a project is surrounded by unusual amount of uncertainty and it becomes impractical to estimate times and costs for the entire project. A two estimate system is used in time-phase estimation in which a detailed estimated is first developed for the nimble phase and a macro estimate is made for the remaining phase of the project.Contingency allowance should be separated from original estimates because, it has been experimentally noted that umpteen projects total estimates do not materialize and the actual costs and schedule of some projects significantly exceed original work package based estimates. The estimation errors may result in the process of estimation or in the inherent uncertainty of predicting the future.ConclusionEstimates of time and cost are important when carrying out a project. Estimates based on facts from other past projects produces at most accurate information. People, technology and downtimes may sometimes influence the quality of es timates. Estimates based on facts should be acceptable as they represent the best realistic times and cost estimates.ReferenceGray, C.F. and Larson, E.W. 2002.Project Management The Complete Guide for Every Manager, McGraw-Hill publishers

Amines Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles Synthesis

Amines Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles SynthesisChapter 1IntroductionIntroductionTo cure deadly affection such as cancer, significant endeavors have been done in synthesizing nanomaterials (Xue et al., 2011). Ideal nanoparticle system will own multimodality for imaging and therapy. It will carry out as an excellent bioprobes to find disease site and as a carriers to target cells. In biomedical field, they have been demonstrated to be useful in immunoassays, broker assays, and photodynamic therapy.For this application, utilization of upconversion luminescence (UCL) emission is favorable (Zhou et al., 2013). Upconversion luminescence is a process where low energy return is converted to higher energy light finished sequential absorption of duple photons induced by low power continuous wave laser. The utilization of near infrared (NIR) laser to induced the multiple photons energy transfer impart to the minimization of auto-fluorescence, less damage to cells, and larger pene tration depth compete with ultraviolet (UV) excitation (Shen et al., 2012).Inorganic rare res publica (RE) (lanthanide) nanomaterials lately have been exposed to be most preferred luminescent biolabels, due to the rigid crystal host latticework maintain the emitting RE dopants from environmental effects. Furthermore, lanthanide ions are acknowledged to show efficient upconversion luminescence.Inorganic crystals do not exhibit upconversion luminescence at room temperature. The upconversion phenomena particularly takes place in singly or multiply doped host systems. Therefore, researches focus on materials that composed of a crystalline host and RE dopants attached to the host lattice in low concentration.Behave as multipurpose bioprobes implemented in nanomedicine, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) should be come up with uniform size and morphology, water soluble, and suspend dig up functional group for bioconjugation as strong as high luminescent efficiency (Sun et al., 2014 Li et al., 2010). To fulfil these requirements, many attempts have been allocated to the controlled synthesis.Previous StudyKramer et al. (2004) account the successful preparation of hexagonal sodium yttrium fluoride based green and blue emitting upconversion phosphors. The acquired phosphor materials reveal no deterioration under high-power infrared laser excitation.Li et al. (2008) active hexagonal phase NaYF4Yb, Er/Tm nanocrystal with a user-friendly method by constructing small solid-state crystal nuclei and further result and ripening of the nuclei. All the nanocrystals revealed strong upconversion fluorescence.Li et al. (2008) reported successful preparation of multicolor core/ typesetters case-structured upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles. This was the first report in the field use such nanoparticles for bioimaging. In this work, uniform hexagonal-phase NaYF4 nanospheres with strong upconversion fluorescence and core/shell silica/NaYF4 structures are produced, with unif orm silica coating on the surface.Jalil et al. (2008) synthesized uniform silica surface hexagonal phase NaYF4 nanocrystal with strong NIR to visible upconversion fluorescence. The results from this study revealed that the silica coated NaYF4 upconversion nanocrystals displayed good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, demonstrating their potential applications in both cellular and creature imaging systems.Hu et al. (2009) prepared uniform silica-coated NaYF4 20 mol% Yb, 2 mol% Er nanocomposites with good dispersibility, containing organic dye incorporated in the silica shell and folic acid conjugated on the surface of the shell. The coreshell nanocomposites are 2022 nm in size, water soluble, and buffer stable, with good photostability and biocompatibility.Garcia et al. (2012) prepared a novel strategy for the therapeutic relinquishy of nitric oxide to physiological target. They demonstrated the use of upconverting nanoparticles to facilitate NO uncaging from a well characteri zed precursor by 980 nm irradiation from a simple NIR diode laser operating in the continuous mode.Chien et al. (2013) formulated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the NIR-triggered targeting and drug delivery vehicles that successfully deliver in vitro and in vivo for near-infrared light photocontrolled targeting, bioimaging, and chemotherapy.Problem StatementAs described previously, UCNPs are considered as useful biomaterials in biomedical application. The unique properties of UCNPs have given interest to many researchers to functionalize the surface for biological usage.A sort of method to synthesize UCNPs have been evolved. There are three common methods usually used, co-precipitation (Yi et al., 2004), thermic decomposition (Li et al., 2008), and hydro(solvo)thermal (Liu et al., 2007). Thermal decomposition is the best technique to obtain highly monodisperse UCNPs. In this method, rare earth (RE) trifluoroacetates are heated to attain thermal equilibrium in the presence o f oleic acid and octadecene. Here, oleic acid function as a stabilizing agent to terminate particle agglomeration, while octadecene behave as a high boiling point solvent (Boyer et al., 2006). The oleic acid forms a coordinate bond to the surface of particles, so ca apply it hydrophobic. UCNP prepared via thermal decomposition is well dispersed in organic solvents such as cyclohexane but insoluble in aqueous solution.If employed in biosciences, UCNPs particularly are implemented in aqueous solution. Therefore, they have to be dispersible in water. To make it water dispersible, we need to modify the surface of upconversion nanoparticle. A common method to make it water dispersible is by coating with silica layer (Li et al., 2008).In order to be applicable in affinity assays and bioassays, the surface of UCNPs has to be functionalized to facilitate covalent immobilization of appropriate biomolecules. Such surface chemistry is expected to be versatile to facilitate immobilization of pr oteins, receptors, enzymes, or nucleic acid oligomers. Therefore, here we studied about the surface functionalization of upconversion nanoparticles for biological usage.Research ObjectivesIn this study, amines functionalized upconversion nanoparticles were synthesized using stober process with hydrothermal treatment to enhance the amines stability on the surface. The size and zeta potential of particles are characterized by using dynamic light scattering in various solvent. The morphology of particles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The amines substitution level and amines stability on the surface is characterized by using fluorescamines assay in various solvent.

Comparison of UK and Australia Healthcare Systems

Comparison of UK and Australia health distribute SystemsStudent name QIAO LING LIU (LANDY)IntroductionThe article is a conclusion of a base by Francis about primary(prenominal) wellness carefulness issues of Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust that is a large public hospital in England. Reported problems implicate the most important parts of treat care such as leaving patients in the stool for long time, inability to recognize patient dignity and privacy, inability to feed patients and inability to be compassionate to patients. The author Hayter discusses it is related to three components including a management friendlyization, the lack of a caring and compassionate culture as well as management styles. In the article, Hayter concludes a number of main points from Francis report. Staffing shortage is seen as a key issue and is related to execrable care for care. Another concerning issue in Francis report is that hospital managers is unable to listen to patients, familie s and other staff about something worrying. Moreover, there is no clinical reason of many managers in UK health settings. Hayter suggests that clinical managers should complete an interval of care job before working in clinical care facilities. He similarly debates that there is no need for potential nurses to require one-year health care work pay back before the study of nursing college, as there is no evidence to prove it. He also discussed that nurses stomach have a significant effect on helping monitor hospital tonus and hospital should provide pertinent frames for nurses and other staff to submit comments and report concern. He disagrees that UK nurses lack compassion and caring.SummaryIn the editorial, Hayter (2013) points out several main points base on Francis report. Firstly, the shortage of staffing is one of the main health care issues in UK health care system. It is described as a factor associated with miserable care. Curry et.al (2005, cited in Hayter) sug gested that higher nursing skill mix and qualified nursing staffing can be associated with high standard of nursing care.Secondly, he disagreed with the avouchment of Francis that UK nurses lack compassion and caring. He argues that many of the nurses in UK are full of compassion and caring personality and clinical nursing skills. However, certain issues may surmount them to do their jobs well, such as huge work pressure and overwhelming workload and insufficient resources and constant changes of demands of health care system, which will cause point of poor care. He also points out that it misleads people if only examples of incidents happened in Mid Staffordshire infirmary were used to critisize the whole nursing professions and it dis strickles nurses as well.Thirdly, Hayter debates that it is unworthy for prospective nurses to work 12 month as health care assistant prior to applying to nursing school. In Francis report, however, it was advised that nursing students should fin ish a stage of health care assistant work before going to study nursing course in college, as it will be beneficial to strengthen the nurses quality, in particular skills of compassion and caring. It was strongly supported by part of health in England, suggesting one year health care work experience would be appropriate for prospective nurses. However, Hayter points out that it is definitely evident that provision of many poor quality of care was by health care assistants in the Mid Staffordshire Hospital and there is no study or survey that proves whether or not the nurses delivered in poor care in Mid Staffordshire Hospital had worked as health care assistants. In addition, it is difficult to identify if health care assistants gain correct work experience prior to application to nursing school and how it help the future nurses build up a right compassionate personality.Finally, Hayter suggests that it is of extreme importance to use appropriate methods and indicators to measur e quality of care, not only being reliant on evidences of the papers and auditing. He recommends that nurses are an important exercise who can help its development and monitor it by describe issues. Hayter proposes that relevant systems should be established for nursing staff and other staff to give some comments or report inappropriate or concerning things. Meanwhile, nursing regulator requires more attention on management of poor nursing care, rather than only delivery of nursing care. Hayter also says that UK Nursing and tocology Council is currently accused, as it simply supervises knowledge and skill of nurses and overlooks management of deficient nursing care.CritiqueAustralian health care currently faces with same situations of nursing and other health manpower shortage issues as UKs. According to Duffield OBrien 2003, nursing shortage is associated with poor nursing care, as it may cause more complications such as infections and pneumonia, as well as incidents like med ication error. There are a number of reasons that cause nursing or health care workforce shortage in Australia. Aging is regarded as one of the main factors in Australian nursing workforce (ABS 2013). Overall, Twigg et.al (2010) suggests that more older age nurses work in the health care settings and average-age of Australian nurses ranges from 42.2- 45.1 years between 2001 and 2005 and more than one third of the Australian nurses may retire probably in 2015. It indicates lack of sufficient qualified nurses who take over will cause shortage of nursing (ICN 2008, cited in Rudge Toffoli 2012). Increased part-time work of nurses is another reason of nursing shortage, as it will require more same-level nurses to take more places over (ABS 2013). More nurses and health professions prefer to do fewer jobs, as they tend to join social life and family ( national Health Workforce Taskforce, 2009, p4). Management of multiple chronic diseases in the elderly has become a factor in Australia, a s it increases the burden of health care system to trigger more requirements of more skill mix nurses and other health professions in Australia (National Health Workforce Taskforce, 2009, p4). As a resolve of specialization of Australian health system, it needs more health professions from overseas to cope with current staffing shortage (National Health Workforce Taskforce, 2009, p5). However, it is completely tough nowadays, as not only is Australia facing with staffing shortage, but many countries have this issue (National Health Workforce Taskforce, 2009, p5).According to Straughair 2012, it is undoubted that the majority of UK nurses contribute to high-quality nursing care with compassion. However, with proficient development in nursing skills, compassion of nurses appears to be diminished (Straughair 2012). Straughair (2012) states that motivation of Australian nursing students and nurses who decide to do nursing career is to look later on people. At the moment, lack of car ing and compassion has not been found in Australia health system (Shields 2013). However, it shows that Australia health care is more likely to face with diminish standards in terms of caring, nursing and health care if health care system is not alert and concerns are not voiced (Shields 2013). While Australia has a remarkable health care system and its nursing is regarded as one of the professional leaders in the world, it still confronts threats to caring and health care system (Shields 2013) . The reason is that more health care professions including nurses are recruited internationally and work as leaders in some health care settings, which is definitely helpful. However, Australia heathenish cringe influences peoples perceptions about relationship of work and decision-making so that it makes people believe that health professions from overseas are better than local ones (Shields 2013).In Hayters editorial, there is a discussion about UK nursing education. In UK, there is one main category of nurse (RN), as the role of EN was similar with RN and it has been dismissed (Jacob et.al 2012). Approximately 90% nurses are diploma levels in England and all nurses in Scotland and Wales are degree levels (Shields 2013). Health care assistants (HCAs) in UK are change magnitude and they does not need relevant skill courses and required skills will gain from the employers (Royal college of nursing 2014). They mainly assist RN to deliver the majority of hands-on nursing care under nurse supervision (McKenna, et.al 2004). However, this is not the case in Australia. Both nurse roles (RN and EN) retain in Australia. They have evident job descriptions and roles. RN requires three-year degree study in university with a transitional graduate program for a year and education of EN is often in vocational college with diploma degree and one and a half year study (Duckett Breadon 2014, p7). RN is able to practice without supervision and has the responsibility of supervision and foreign mission of EN. Health care assistant in Australia must gain Certificate III in Aged Care firstly and they do basic personal care such as feeding, bathing, and toileting (Department of Health and Families, 2014), which are included in the practical scope of nurses. only when they are not regulated by the National advance (Rudge Toffoli 2012, p 220). It is not compulsory that prospective nurses have to gain health care work experience before application to nursing schools (Rudge Toffoli 2012, p 220). In Australia, there is no consistent training for health care assistant (Duckett Breadon 2014, p10). Moreover, although there is no sufficient evidence to ensure that being health care worker is able to improve compassionate and caring skills, improvement in aspect of personal care skills can be seen clearly (Duckett Breadon 2014, p10).As with measurement of nursing care quality, UK graduate nurses must tape on Nursing and Midwifery Council that regulates all nurses an d midwiferies and sets up standards and code of conducts which request nurses and midwiferies to adhere to them purely (NMC 2014). In Australia, the case is similar. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) is a national-regulated agency that regulates health professions in Australia (AHPRA 2014). on the whole graduated nurses have to register on Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia which is supported by AHPRA(AHPRA 2014). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia plays an important role in protection of the public and they establishes relevant qualification standards and policies and guidelines that help largely discipline all registered nurses and midwiferies and give clear scope of practice what they can do and can not do (Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia 2014, p1). According to Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia 2014, the main function of National Competency Standards for nurses is to help examine performance and competence of nurses. Along with com petency standards, yearly renewal of re-registration is a method used to assess the eligibility of nurses (Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia 2014, p1) and each health care setting has its own policies and guidelines to give a clear range of nursing practice that nurses can deliver to monitor the quality of care. In addition, National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHS ) standards can be a useful tool to examine safety and quality of health care system and health care practitioners to protect Australian macrocosm (NSQHS standards 2012, p3).ConclusionIn conclusion, there are four main points reviewed in UK health care system and these are compared similarities or differences with Australian health care system. For staffing shortage, it is found in both health care system, even in the world, and there are many factors causing it in Australia, including aging nursing workforce, increased part-time work, burden of multiple chronic disease of older population, competi tion against health care workforce from overseas. Lack of compassion and caring in nursing is a key factor discussed. Compassion in UK has been decreased due to technical development and lack of compassion has not been discovered in Australia. But health care system should be alert and raise concerns to prevent decreased standards of caring. In addition, Australian cultural cringe is more likely to affect compassionate care. Nursing education is discussed in the review. UK has a type of RN and Australia has two, RN and EN. UK nurses need education of diploma or degree level based on state requirements and Australian RN requires degree education and EN does diploma level. Being HCAs in both countries develop basic personal care skills, however, there is no evidence that they would improve compassionate care. Finally, measurement of quality of nursing care has raised concerns. Both countries have nursing boards to regulate nurses and midwiferies. All nurses and midwiferies should regi ster on nursing boards before participation in work. 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